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Literary Devices

Apostrophe: when a speaker breaks off to address a person who is not there or an abstract quality or idea
Allusion: a reference to something in literature, history, etc.
Enjambment: the continuation of a clause or sentence over a line break
Envoi: a short stanza at the end of a poem to address an imagined or actual person or to comment on the preceding body of the poem
Euphony: a sound pattern that creates a smooth, pleasant quality in a poem
Anaphora: emphasizing words or phrases by repeating them at the beginnings of clauses
Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that might offend or suggest something unpleasant
Caesura: a short pause within a line of poetry, often but not always signaled by punctuation
Italian/Petrarchan sonnet: 8-6 sonnet ordinarily written in a rhyme scheme of abbaabba cdecde
English/Shakespearean sonnet: 4-4-4-2 sonnet ordinarily written in a rhyme scheme of abba abba efef gg
Sonnet: verse form of fourteen lines usually written in iambic pentameter.
Stanza: a group of lines divided from other groups by white space on the page, divided for effect.
Reflective (meditative) Structure: A poem which muses about a subject, theme, or event and whose structure imitates and represents the thought process
Imitative Structure: A poem which mirrors as closely as possible the structure of something that already exists and can be seen
Descriptive Structure: A poem's organization based on the description of a person or thing
Discursive Structure: Organization made to resemble the form of a treatise, argument,or essay
Dramatic Structure: A poem that consists of a series of scenes, presented as if on stage
Narrative Structure: The organization of a poem based upon a story and the unfolding of its plot
Situation: The context of the poem's action
Setting: The time and place in which the poem takes place
Speaker: The person whose ideas and feelings the reader hears (if different from those of the poet)
Tone: Attitude of the speaker to the subject

Tuesday, November 18, 2008

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